What did the polls show before the result?

Selected U.S. presidential polls from 2020 and 2024, matched to official vote counts. These are historical observations, not forecasts for the 2026 midterms.

Coverage: 2024 has seven Emerson state polls and two national polls (Marist/Emerson). 2020 has one national Emerson poll. These are selected final published waves from these releases, not all polls or a representative sample.

New explanation and source packet: human editorial review pending. No earlier approval carries over to this lab.

7 polls in 7 distinct areas. National and state polls are summarized separately.

Mean absolute error2.14 points
Mean signed error2.14 points
Root mean squared error (RMSE)2.43 points

Error in the D–R margin

Error = poll D–R margin minus official D–R margin, in percentage points. A positive value means the margin was too favorable to the Democrat; a negative value means it was too favorable to the Republican.

Each poll receives equal weight in the summaries. The selection is small and errors may be dependent; these figures do not rank pollsters or estimate 2026 uncertainty.

Polls and official results

Scroll the table sideways to see shares, vote counts and margins.

Error = poll D–R margin minus official D–R margin, in percentage points. A positive value means the margin was too favorable to the Democrat; a negative value means it was too favorable to the Republican.
Area / pollsterFieldwork / samplePoll D / RResult D / RPoll / result margin (points)Error (points)
ArizonaEmerson College · 2024October 30–November 2, 2024n=900 · publisher voter modelCredibility interval: ±3.20 points per candidate share · 95%48% / 50%Kamala Harris / Donald Trump46.69% / 52.22%1,582,860 / 1,770,242 votes-2.00 / -5.53+3.53
GeorgiaEmerson College · 2024October 30–November 2, 2024n=800 · publisher voter modelCredibility interval: ±3.40 points per candidate share · 95%49% / 50%Kamala Harris / Donald Trump48.53% / 50.72%2,548,017 / 2,663,117 votes-1.00 / -2.19+1.19
MichiganEmerson College · 2024October 30–November 2, 2024n=790 · publisher voter modelCredibility interval: ±3.40 points per candidate share · 95%50% / 48%Kamala Harris / Donald Trump48.31% / 49.73%2,736,533 / 2,816,636 votes+2.00 / -1.41+3.41
NevadaEmerson College · 2024October 30–November 2, 2024n=840 · publisher voter modelCredibility interval: ±3.30 points per candidate share · 95%48% / 48%Kamala Harris / Donald Trump47.49% / 50.59%705,197 / 751,205 votes0.00 / -3.10+3.10
North CarolinaEmerson College · 2024October 30–November 2, 2024n=860 · publisher voter modelCredibility interval: ±3.30 points per candidate share · 95%48% / 49%Kamala Harris / Donald Trump47.65% / 50.86%2,715,375 / 2,898,423 votes-1.00 / -3.21+2.21
PennsylvaniaEmerson College · 2024October 30–November 2, 2024n=1,000 · publisher voter modelCredibility interval: ±3.00 points per candidate share · 95%48% / 49%Kamala Harris / Donald Trump48.49% / 50.20%3,423,042 / 3,543,308 votes-1.00 / -1.70+0.70
WisconsinEmerson College · 2024October 30–November 2, 2024n=800 · publisher voter modelCredibility interval: ±3.40 points per candidate share · 95%49% / 49%Kamala Harris / Donald Trump48.74% / 49.60%1,668,229 / 1,697,626 votes0.00 / -0.86+0.86

The state release describes a weighted voter model but does not explicitly label it LV/RV. That classification is not assumed here.

D = Democratic candidate; R = Republican candidate. Published poll shares are rounded and are not normalized to D/R alone. Official shares use all votes in the FEC table, including other candidates and reported residual categories. Undecided responses are not allocated. Published intervals concern a candidate share, not the D–R margin or total election polling error. The gap also includes any change after fieldwork and published rounding; this comparison does not identify its causes.

Results: FEC official compilation from state election offices. Separate certification dates are not imported. These are national or state popular votes, not Electoral College votes, congressional seats or a live feed.

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